Lesson 4
As mentioned in the previous lesson, there are many conjunctions in Korean, especially when it comes to the word “and”. Continue the quest of learning conjunctions in Korean with this lesson on -하고 [-ha-go] and -이랑 [-i-rang].
-하고 = and
Conjugation
-하고 [-ha-go] is used like a particle and attached to a noun without space.
Ex)
이거 [i-geo]
= this, this thing
이거하고 이거 [i-geo-ha-go i-geo]
= this and this
이거하고 이거 주세요. [i-geo-ha-go i-geo ju-se-yo.]
= Give me this and this.
-(이)랑 = and
Conjugation
If a noun ends in a vowel, attach -랑 [-rang] at the end, and if it ends with a consonant, use -이랑 [-i-rang]. This makes it easier to pronounce.
* -(이)랑 and -하고 are almost always interchangeable, but -(이)랑 is more colloquial and casual, and not often used in formal settings.
Ex)
우유 [u-yu] = milk
빵 [ppang] = bread
우유랑 빵 = milk and bread
빵이랑 우유 = bread and milk
우유하고 빵 = milk and bread
우유랑 빵 샀어요. [u-yu-rang ppang sa-sseo-yo.] = I bought milk and bread.
우유하고 빵 샀어요. = I bought milk and bread.
빵이랑 우유 샀어요. = I bought bread and milk.
Another meaning of -하고 and -(이)랑
Depending on the context of the sentence, both -하고 and -(이)랑 can also mean “with”, and it is usually very easy to tell whether it is used as “and” or “with”.
친구하고 영화 봤어요.
[chin-gu-ha-go yeong-hwa bwa-sseo-yo.]
= I saw a movie with a friend.*
* It is very unlikely that this sentence means “I watched a friend and a movie.”
누구랑 갔어요?
[nu-gu-rang ga-sseo-yo?]
= Who did you go with?
To make the meaning of a sentence clearer, add the word 같이 [ga-chi] after -하고 or -(이)랑. 같이 means “together”, so -하고 같이 or -(이)랑 같이 means “together with”. While saying “친구하고 영화 봤어요” makes perfect sense, if you say “친구하고 같이 영화 봤어요”, it is even better. The same can be said for “누구랑 갔어요?” and “누구랑 같이 갔어요?”
Sample Sentences
동생하고 공부할 거예요.
[dong-saeng-ha-go gong-bu-hal kkeo-ye-yo.]
= 동생이랑 공부할 거예요.
[dong-saeng-i-rang gong-bu-hal kkeo-ye-yo.]
= I am going to study with my younger brother/sister.
선생님하고 밥을 먹을 거예요.
[seon-saeng-nim-ha-go ba-beul meo-geul kkeo-ye-yo.]
= 선생님이랑 밥을 먹을 거예요.
[seon-saeng-ni-mi-rang ba-beul meo-geul kkeo-ye-yo.]
= I am going to eat with my teacher.
내일 선생님하고 경복궁에 갈 거예요.
[nae-il seon-saeng-nim-ha-go gyeong-bok-kkung-e gal kkeo-ye-yo.]
= 내일 선생님이랑 경복궁에 갈 거예요.
[nae-il seon-saeng-ni-mi-rang gyeong-bok-kkung-e gal kkeo-ye-yo.]
= I am going to go to Gyeongbok Palace with my teacher tomorrow.
어제 홍대하고 신촌에 갔어요.
[eo-je hong-dae-ha-go sin-cho-ne ga-sseo-yo.]
= 어제 홍대랑 신촌에 갔어요.
[eo-je hong-dae-rang sin-cho-ne ga-sseo-yo.]
= I went to Hongdae and Sinchon yesterday.
* 홍대 and 신촌 are both popular hangout spots in Seoul for younger people.