Lesson 3
The last two lessons contained fairly heavy topics (future tense and object marking particles), but in this lesson, your brain gets a bit of a break!
Korean has conjunctions (part of speech which connects words, sentences, phrases, or clauses) just like many other languages around the world. There are many of them in Korean, but you will learn two of the most common in this lesson.
그리고
그리고 [geu-ri-go] has the meaning of “and” or “and then” depending on the context. 그리고 can be used for both linking nouns and phrases, but in colloquial situations, 그리고 is more
commonly used for linking phrases.
Ex) (linking nouns)
커피, 빵, 그리고 물 [keo-pi, ppang, geu-ri-go mul] = coffee, bread and water
서울 그리고 부산 [seo-ul geu-ri-go bu-san] = Seoul and Busan
런던 그리고 파리 [leon-deon geu-ri-go pa-ri] = London and Paris
미국 그리고 호주 [mi-guk geu-ri-go ho-ju] = United States and Australia
독일 그리고 필리핀 [do-gil geu-ri-go pil-li-pin] = Germany and the Philippines
Ex) (linking phrases)
(1) 친구를 만났어요. [chin-gu-reul man-na-sseo-yo]
친구 = friend
를 = object marking particle
만나다 [man-na-da] = to meet
만났어요 = past tense of 만나다
(2) 밥을 먹었어요. [ba-beul meo-geo-sseo-yo.]
밥 [bap] = rice, meal
을 [eul] = object marking particle
먹다 [meok-tta] = to eat
먹었어요 = past tense of 먹다
(1) and (2) = 친구를 만났어요 and 밥을 먹었어요.
= 친구를 만났어요. 그리고 밥을 먹었어요.
그래서
그래서 [geu-rae-seo] has the meaning of “therefore” and “so”, and just as in English, using this word between two sentences shows a logical relation between sentences.
Ex)
(1) 오늘은 비가 왔어요. [o-neu-reun bi-ga wa-sseo-yo.]
비가 오다 = to rain
[o-da]
비가 왔어요 = past tense of 비가 오다
(2) 집에 있었어요. [ji-be i-sseo-sseo-yo.]
집 [jip] = house, home
있다 [it-tta] = to be
있었어요 = past tense of 있다
(1) + (2) = 오늘은 비가 왔어요. Therefore, 집에 있었어요.
= 오늘은 비가 왔어요. 그래서 집에 있었어요.
Sample Sentences
김치는 맛있어요. 그리고 한국 음식이에요.
[gim-chi-neun ma-si-sseo-yo. geu-ri-go han-guk eum-si-gi-e-yo.]
= Kimchi is delicious. And it is Korean food.
김치 = kimchi
맛있다 [ma-sit-tta] = to be delicious
한국 음식 [han-guk eum-sik] = Korean food
저는 학생이에요. 그리고 프랑스어를 공부해요.
[jeo-neun hak-ssaeng-i-e-yo. geu-ri-go peu-rang-sseu-eo-reul gong-bu-hae-yo.]
= I am a student. And I am studying French.
저 = I (humble)
학생 = student
프랑스어 = French (language)
공부하다 [gong-bu-ha-da] = to study
저는 학생이에요. 그래서 돈이 없어요.
[jeo-neun hak-ssaeng-i-e-yo. geu-rae-seo do-ni eop-sseo-yo.]
= I am a student. So I do not have money.
돈 = money
없다 [eop-tta] = to not be, to not exist
김치는 맛있어요. 그래서 김치를 많이 먹어요.
[gim-chi-neun ma-si-sseo-yo. geu-rae-seo gim-chi-reul ma-ni meo-geo-yo.]
= Kimchi is delicious. So, I eat a lot of kimchi.
많이 = a lot, many (in quantity or frequency)
먹다 = to eat
저는 한국인이에요. 그래서 김치를 많이 먹어요.
[jeo-neun han-gu-gi-ni-e-yo. geu-rae-seo gim-chi-reul ma-ni meo-geo-yo.]
= I am Korean. So, I eat a lot of kimchi.
한국인 [han-gu-gin] = Korean (person)
저는 김치를 많이 먹어요. 그래서 튼튼해요.
[jeo-neun gim-chi-reul ma-ni meo-geo-yo. geu-rae-seo teun-teun-hae-yo.]
= I eat a lot of kimchi. Therefore, I am strong.
튼튼하다 [teun-teun-ha-da] = to be strong